\"Nobel Prize In Chemistry\" William Giauque Hand Signed 3X5 Card COA For Sale

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Up for sale \"Nobel Prize In Chemistry\" William Giauque Hand Signed 3X5 Card. This item comes authenticated by Todd Mueller and comes with their Certificate of Authenticity.
ES-12229

WilliamFrancis Giauque(/dʒiˈoʊk/; May 12, 1895 – March 28, 1982) was aCanadian-bornAmericanchemistandNobel laureaterecognizedin 1949 for his studies in the properties ofmatterat temperatures close toabsolute zero. He spent virtually all of his educational andprofessional career at the University of California, Berkeley. William FrancisGiauque was born inNiagara Falls, Ontario, onMay 12, 1895. As his parents wereU.S.citizens, they returned to the U.S. where heattended public schools primarily in Michigan. Following the death of hisfather in 1908, the family returned to Niagara Falls, where he studied at theNiagara Falls Collegiate Institute. After graduation, he looked for work invarious power plants at Niagara Falls both for financial reasons and to pursuea career in electrical engineering. He was widely unsuccessful. Eventually,however, his application was accepted by theHooker Electro-Chemical CompanyinNiagara Falls, New York,which led him to employment in their laboratory. He enjoyed the work, anddecided to become a chemical engineer. After two years of employment, heentered theCollege of ChemistryoftheUniversity of California,Berkeley, where he received a Bachelor of Science degree with honorsin 1920. He entered graduate school at Berkeley, becoming a University Fellow(1920–1921) and a James M. Goewey Fellow (1921–1922). He received the Ph.D.degree in chemistry with a minor in physics in 1922. Although he beganuniversity study with an interest in becoming an engineer, he soon developed aninterest in research under the influence of ProfessorGilbert N. Lewis. Due to his outstanding performance as astudent, he became an Instructor of Chemistry at Berkeley in 1922 and afterpassing through various grades of professorship, he became a full Professor ofChemistry in 1934. He retired in 1962. He became interested in thethird law ofthermodynamicsas a field of research during his experimentalresearch for his Ph.D. research under ProfessorGeorge Ernest Gibsoncomparingthe relativeentropiesof glycerine crystals andglass. The principal objective of his researches was to demonstrate throughrange of appropriate tests that the third law of thermodynamics is a basic naturallaw. In 1926, he proposed a method for observing temperatures considerablybelow 1Kelvin (1K is −457.87°F or −272.15°C). His workwithD.P.MacDougallbetween 1933 and 1935 successfully employed them. Hedeveloped amagnetic refrigerationdeviceof his own design in order to achieve this outcome, getting closer to absolutezero than many scientists had thought possible. This trailblazing work, apartfrom proving one of the fundamental laws of nature led to stronger steel,better gasoline and more efficient processes in a range of industries. Hisresearches and that of his students included a large number of entropydeterminations from low temperature measurements, particularly on condensedgases. The entropies and other thermodynamic properties of many gases were alsodetermined fromquantum statisticsandmolecular energy levels available from band spectra as well as other sources. Hiscorrelated investigations of the entropy of oxygen with Dr.Herrick L. Johnston, ledto the discovery ofoxygen isotopes17and 18 in the Earth\'s atmosphere and showed that physicists and chemists hadbeen using different scales of atomic weight for years without recognising it.

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